![]() ![]() Compared with the group that received no calcium supplementation, the groups that received calcium had a greater increase in areal bone density of the distal and proximal 1/3 radius and ulna over time (Pb 0.04). Children who developed rickets in the calcium-supplemented groups had less than 50% adherence. Rickets developed in 1, 1, and 2 children assigned to the calcium tablet, ground fish, and control groups, respectively (approximate incidence 6.4/1000 children/year between 1 and 3 years of age). Of 647 children enrolled, 390 completed the 18-month follow-up. ![]() The overall prevalence of radiographic rickets at baseline was 1.2% and of vitamin D deficiency 5.4%. Serum markers of mineral homeostasis and forearm bone density (pDEXA) were measured and radiographs were obtained at enrollment and after 18 months of supplementation. Two communities were assigned calcium, either as calcium carbonate (400 mg) or ground fish (529± 109 mg) daily, while children in all three communities received vitamin A (2500 IU) daily as placebo. We enrolled Nigerian children aged 12 to 18 months from three urban communities. We sought to determine if rickets could be prevented with supplemental calcium or with an indigenous food rich in calcium. Typical dietary calcium intakes in African children are about 200 mg daily (approximately 20–28% of US RDAs for age). ![]() Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t Nutritional rickets in Nigerian children usually results from dietary calcium insufficiency. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. ![]() In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. ![]()
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